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PROOF OF WORK

Proof of Work

Experience Bitcoin mining firsthand. Hash data with SHA-256, adjust difficulty targets, and discover why proof-of-work is the backbone of Bitcoin's security.

How Mining Works

Step 1

Input Data

A block header contains transactions, the previous block hash, a timestamp, and a nonce — a number miners can change.

Step 2

Hash It

Run the data through SHA-256, a one-way function that produces a unique 64-character hexadecimal fingerprint.

Step 3

Check Target

If the hash starts with enough leading zeros (below the difficulty target), the block is valid. Otherwise, increment the nonce and try again.

SHA-256 Hash Explorer

computing...

Change a single character and watch the entire hash change. This is called the avalanche effect— even the tiniest input change produces a completely different output.

Mining Simulator

Mine once to see time estimates for each difficulty

TARGET: Hash must begin with
000fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

Exponential Difficulty

Each additional leading zero makes mining 16× harder. The number of attempts needed grows exponentially.

1 zeros
~16
2 zeros
~256
3 zeros
~4,096
4 zeros
~65,536
5 zeros
~1M
6 zeros
~17M
7 zeros
~268M
8 zeros
~4.3B

Your Browser vs The Bitcoin Network

YOUR BROWSER

Start mining to measure

BITCOIN NETWORK

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How Proof of Work Secures Bitcoin

Proof of work forces miners to expend real computational energy to add blocks to the chain. To reverse a transaction, an attacker would need to redo all the work from that block forward — plus outpace the rest of the network, which is performing quintillions of hashes per second.

The difficulty target automatically adjusts every 2,016 blocks (~2 weeks) to keep the average block time at 10 minutes, regardless of how much total hash power joins or leaves the network.

This elegant mechanism, described in the Bitcoin Whitepaper, creates a system where the cost of attacking the network always exceeds the potential reward. Learn more about the fundamentals on our Learn page.